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Наташа Мотина Знаток (376), закрыт 5 лет назад
1.What is respiration?

2.How can you characterize its function?

3.Where does the interchange of gases take place?

4.What does the chest form?

5.What are the spaces between ribs filled by?

6.What does the diaphragm separate?

7.Where does the air pass below the larynx?

8.How do the bronchi divide inside the lungs?

9.What passes round each air sac?

10.How can you describe the airway?

11.What is the sole purpose of respiration?

12.What takes place in the red cells during respiration?

Вот сам текст:
Respiration means breathing. Its function is to provide the means whereby oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves. This interchange of gases occurs in the lungs which are situated in the chest, one on each side of the heart.

The chest forms a protective cage for the heart and lungs. The bars of the cage are formed by the ribs – which are joined to the breast bone in front and spine behind. The spaces between the ribs are filled by the rib muscles. The floor of the cage is formed by the diaphragm, which is a sheet of muscle separating the chest from the abdomen.

In order to reach the lungs, the air we breathe enters the throat through the nose or mouth and passes into the larynx. Below the larynx the air passes along a tube called the trachea, which runs down the neck to the chest where it divides into two. These two branches are known as the right and left bronchi and they enter their respective lungs. Just as arteries divide up into smaller arteries and finally into thin –

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walled capillaries, so do the bronchi divide inside the lungs. Each bronchus divides into many smaller and smaller tubes until eventually ends up as a huge number of tiny air sacs, which comprise each lung. A network of capillaries originating from the pulmonary artery passes round each air sac.

Air breathed in through the nose passes via the throat, larynx, trachea and bronchi to the air sacs of the lungs. This passage from nose to lungs is known as the airway. In the lungs, oxygen from the air passes through the thin walls of each air sac and its surrounding capillary to reach the blood. In the same way carbon dioxide passes simultaneously out of the blood into the air sacs. This gaseous exchange for replenishing the blood with oxygen and eliminating the waste product, carbon dioxide, is the sole purpose of respiration.

Oxygen enters the blood by combining with hemoglobin in the red cells; where as carbon dioxide is carried by the plasma.
Лучший ответ
Azaroff Igor Мудрец (11013) 5 лет назад
Тут же ответы на вопросы в тексте прямо подряд идут, даже править почти не надо :)

1.What is respiration? - Respiration means breathing.

2.How can you characterize its function? - Its function is to provide the means whereby oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves.

3.Where does the interchange of gases take place? - This interchange of gases occurs in the lungs which are situated in the chest, one on each side of the heart.

4.What does the chest form? - The chest forms a protective cage for the heart and lungs.

5.What are the spaces between ribs filled by? - The spaces between the ribs are filled by the rib muscles.

6.What does the diaphragm separate? - The diaphragm separates the chest from the abdomen.

7.Where does the air pass below the larynx? - Below the larynx the air passes along a tube called the trachea.

8.How do the bronchi divide inside the lungs? - Each bronchus divides into many smaller and smaller tubes until eventually ends up as a huge number of tiny air sacs, which comprise each lung.

9.What passes round each air sac? - A network of capillaries originating from the pulmonary artery passes round each air sac.

10.How can you describe the airway? - The airway is the passage of the breathed in air from the nose via the throat, larynx, trachea and bronchi to the air sacs of the lungs.

11.What is the sole purpose of respiration? - The gaseous exchange for replenishing the blood with oxygen and eliminating the waste product, carbon dioxide, is the sole purpose of respiration.

12.What takes place in the red cells during respiration? - During respiration, the oxygen enters the blood by combining with hemoglobin in the red cells, where as carbon dioxide is carried by the plasma.
Остальные ответы
Юлия Матрохина Ученик (102) 9 месяцев назад
Прочитайте и переведите текст, ответьте на вопросы.
2. Соотнесите медицинские термины с их значениями.
3. Дополните текст используя выделенные слова.
1 Read the information leaflet and answer the following questions.
1. What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
2. What is the endocrine role of the pancreas in diabetes management?
3. What does insulin do to blood sugar levels?
4. What hormone has the opposite function to insulin?
The pancreas is a small L-shaped organ which sits against the duodenum behind
the stomach. It is quite small, at around 15 cm long. The pancreatic duct runs along the
middle of the pancreas and empties into the duodenum. It supplies pancreatic enzymes,
also called pancreatic juice, which aid in the digestion process. This is described as the
exocrine function of the pancreas, exo meaning ‘out of’. Pancreatic juices flow out of
the pancreas through the pancreatic duct. The pancreatic duct is joined by the common
bile duct before emptying into the duodenum. The pancreas also has an endocrine
function, endo meaning ‘within’. This is the release of hormone within the bloodstream.
There are four main types of hormone produced in the hormone-producing cells of the
pancreas – the islets of Langerhans (islet cells). One of the four cell types – beta cells –
produce insulin. The function of insulin is to lower the blood sugar level. Beta cells
make up almost eighty percent of all islet cells. Alpha cells make up almost twenty
percent, and these release glucagon, which raises the level of glucose in the blood. This
is the opposite function to insulin. The level of glucose in the blood is called either
blood sugar level (BSL) or blood glucose level (BGL). Insulin stimulates cells in the
body to use or store the glucose produced from the metabolism of carbohydrates in
food. Glucose is used in the body as an energy source.
2 Match the medical terms (1-10) to their meanings (a-j).
1 pancreas A – the condition where the blood is more acidic than
the surrounding tissues
2 diabetes B – oral medication used to lower blood sugar levels
3 diabetic C – the organ which produces insulin, which regulates
blood sugar
4 hyp
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