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The humanistic approach was developed in America in the carly
1960's. It was also called the third force in psychology since it aimed to
replace the two main approaches in the field - behaviourism and psychoanalysis.
There are several factors which distinguish the humanistic approach
from other approaches within psychology. They are the emphasis on
subjective meaning, a rejection of determinism, and a concern for positive growth rather than pathology. Most psychologists believe that behaviour can only be understood objectively (by an impartial observer),
but the humanists argue that this results in concluding that an individnal is incapable of understanding their own behaviour. Instead, humanists like Rogers argue that the meaning of behaviour is personal and subjective; they further argue that accepting this idea is not unscientific.
because ultimately all individuals are subjective: what makes science reliable is not that scientists are purely objective, but that the nature of
observed events can be agreed upon by different observers. The humanistic approach aimed to investigate all the uniquely human aspects of existence such as love, hope, creativity and emphasized the importance of
the individual's interaction with the environment.
Bugental, the first president of the American Associatioan for Humanistic Psychoingy described some of its fundamental assumptions.
First of all, a proper understanding of the human nature can be gained
from studying humans, not animals. Second, psychology should study
an individual case rather then the average group performance. Third,
Psychology should study internal as well as external behaviour and consider that individuals can show some degree of free will.
Carl Rogers was not the only one of the founders of the humanistic
appruach, but also the most influential therapist in the 20th century: a
number of surveys, including several done after his death, found that
more therapists cited Rogers as a major influence on their thinking and clinical practice than any other person in psychology (including
Freud).
There are two fundamental ideas in the work of Rogers which are
particularly important. First, Rogers talked about healthy development
in terms of how the individual perceived their own being. A healthy individual will tend to see congruence between one's sense of who he or
she is (self) and who the person feels he or she should be (ideal self).
While no one tends to experience perfect congruence at all times, the
relative degree of congruence is an indicator of health.
The second fundamental idea in the work of Rogers is his concept of
the conditions for healthy growth, and the role of therapist in fostering healthy growth. Through a process of what Rogers called a person-centered therapy, the therapist seeks to provide empathy, openness,
and unconditional positive regard.

Questions to the text.
1. Why did the humanistic approach start to develop?
2. When and where did the humanistic approach develop?
3. Why was it called "the third force in psychology"?
4. What are the factors that distinguish the humanistic approach from
other approaches within psychology?
5. What do humanists think a boer objective understanding of psychologyical behaviour?
6. Where is the meaning of behaviour from the humanistic point of view?
7. What makes psychological science reliable?
8. What aspects of existence does the humanistic approach aim to
investigate?
9. Why can Carl Rogers be named the most influential therapist in the
20th century?
10.Who is a healthy individual according to the Rogers's concept of
healthy development?
11. What is an indicator of health according to Rogers?
12. According to Rogers, what should a therapist do during a therapy?