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(1) Signaling technology has undergone the same revolution as telecom-munications. Availability of powerful computer equipment and rapid information exchange techniques have led to more sophisticated signaling systems. These sys-tems are not only able to drive the train, but decide when is the optimum time to brake, coast or accelerate for maximum energy efficiency. These abilities have al-lowed on-board computers to provide much more necessary information for a driv-er which was impossible some years ago.
(2) On the one hand, with the exception of some newly constructed lines, the cost of providing continuous data exchange between track and train can be high. On the other hand, up-to-date signaling systems help to save time which is of great importance for train operation. Secure coding of information has increased the ef-fectiveness of intermittent ATC and increased the quantity of data that can be han-dled.
(3) Although developed for metro lines, various components of ATC are increasingly being applied to main lines, because they provide automatic train pro-tection, control and operation.
(4) Needless to say that safety has become a political question, forcing a reappraisal of what level of signaling technology is required. More and more practi-cal railway engineers realize that ATC is essential for safe operation, even though statistics do not always support this view.
(5) Introduction of ATC is important from economic point of view. Thus, in metro driverless operation may help to save labour costs.
(6) It is quite clear that no modern railway can exist without ATC. Nev-ertheless, introduction of this system is not such an easy task as it may seem at first sight. At present it’s a headache for many European railways. As we know many more high-speed railway lines are being constructed, more and more trains are be-ing designed and produced specially for cross-border operation. All this makes op-erators’ work more responsible and nervous. New up-to-date ATC facilities must be installed, and their design, manufacture and installation require great expenses. But this work must be done, because to benefit from ATC system railways are to use it throughout their networks.
Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских фраз.
Наличие; с одной стороны; с другой стороны; совершенно ясно (очевидно); не такая простая задача; требует больших затрат; расходы на зарплату; пере-жить революцию; непрерывный обмен данными; безопасное кодирование ин-формации; с первого взгляда; изготовление и установка; воспользоваться си-стемой автоматического контроля поездов; во всех (их) сетях.
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