Помогите, пожалуйста с заданием по английскому языку
(1) Signaling technology has undergone the same revolution as telecom-munications. Availability of powerful computer equipment and rapid information exchange techniques have led to more sophisticated signaling systems. These sys-tems are not only able to drive the train, but decide when is the optimum time to brake, coast or accelerate for maximum energy efficiency. These abilities have al-lowed on-board computers to provide much more necessary information for a driv-er which was impossible some years ago.
(2) On the one hand, with the exception of some newly constructed lines, the cost of providing continuous data exchange between track and train can be high. On the other hand, up-to-date signaling systems help to save time which is of great importance for train operation. Secure coding of information has increased the ef-fectiveness of intermittent ATC and increased the quantity of data that can be han-dled.
(3) Although developed for metro lines, various components of ATC are increasingly being applied to main lines, because they provide automatic train pro-tection, control and operation.
(4) Needless to say that safety has become a political question, forcing a reappraisal of what level of signaling technology is required. More and more practi-cal railway engineers realize that ATC is essential for safe operation, even though statistics do not always support this view.
(5) Introduction of ATC is important from economic point of view. Thus, in metro driverless operation may help to save labour costs.
(6) It is quite clear that no modern railway can exist without ATC. Nev-ertheless, introduction of this system is not such an easy task as it may seem at first sight. At present it’s a headache for many European railways. As we know many more high-speed railway lines are being constructed, more and more trains are be-ing designed and produced specially for cross-border operation. All this makes op-erators’ work more responsible and nervous. New up-to-date ATC facilities must be installed, and their design, manufacture and installation require great expenses. But this work must be done, because to benefit from ATC system railways are to use it throughout their networks.
Вернитесь к тексту и, используя ссылку на абзац, найдите слова, похожие на следующие.
facilities, fast, advanced, to permit (paragraph 1);
to build, to demand, only, safe, data, amount, to process (paragraph 2);
to work out, underground, different, an element, to use, a trunk line (paragraph 3);
a matter, to understand, important, to back up (paragraph 4);
to assist (paragraph 5);
obvious, up-to-date, a railroad, simple, a job, nowadays, to build, costs (paragraph 6).
Paragraph 1:
facilities → equipment
fast → rapid
advanced → sophisticated
to permit → allow
Paragraph 2:
to build → construct(ed)
to demand → require(d)
only → exception
safe → secure
data → information
amount → quantity
to process → handle(d)
Paragraph 3:
to work out → develop(ed)
underground → metro
different → various
an element → component
to use → apply(ed)
a trunk line → main line
Paragraph 4:
a matter → question
to understand → realize
important → essential
to back up → support
Paragraph 5:
to assist → help
Paragraph 6:
obvious → clear
up-to-date → modern
a railroad → railway
simple → easy
a job → work
nowadays → at present
to build → construct(ed)
costs → expenses
Параграф 1
Facilities → "systems" (системы, упомянутые как ATC).
Fast → "rapid" (в словосочетании rapid information exchange).
Advanced → "sophisticated" (описание сигнальных систем).
To permit → "are able to" (возможность систем принимать решения).
Параграф 2
To build → "constructed" (новые линии).
To demand → "cost of providing" (высокая стоимость инфраструктуры).
Only → "with the exception of" (исключение для новых линий).
Safe → "secure" (кодирование данных).
Data → "data" (прямое совпадение).
Amount → "quantity" (количество данных).
To process → "handled" (обработка данных).
Параграф 3
To work out → "developed" (разработка компонентов ATC).
Underground → "metro lines" (метро как подземная система).
Different → "various" (различные компоненты).
An element → "components" (элементы ATC).
To use → "applied" (применение на магистральных линиях).
A trunk line → "main lines" (магистральные линии).
Параграф 4
A matter → "question" (безопасность как политический вопрос).
To understand → "realize" (осознание инженерами важности ATC).
Important → "essential" (необходимость ATC).
To back up → "support" (статистика не подтверждает утверждения).
Параграф 5
To assist → "help" (безэкипажные системы экономят затраты).
Параграф 6
Obvious → "clear" (очевидная необходимость ATC).
Up-to-date → "modern" (современные железные дороги).
A railroad → "railway" (прямое совпадение).
Simple → "easy" (ввод системы кажется простым).
A job → "task" (сложная задача внедрения).
Nowadays → "at present" (текущие проблемы).
To build → "constructed" (строительство высокоскоростных линий).
Costs → "expenses" (высокие затраты на установку).
Word Paragraph Similar Word(s) in Text
facilities 1 systems
fast 1 rapid
advanced 1 sophisticated
to permit 1 allow
to build 2 constructed
to demand 2 require
only 2 intermittent
safe 2 secure
data 2 data
amount 2 quantity
to process 2 to handle
to work out 3 developed
underground 3 metro
different 3 various
an element 3 components
to use 3 applied
a trunk line 3 main lines
a matter 4 question
to understand 4 realize
important 4 essential
to back up 4 support
to assist 5 help
obvious 6 clear
up-to-date 6 up-to-date
a railroad 6 railway
simple 6 easy
a job 6 task
nowadays 6 at present
to build 6 constructed
costs 6 expenses