TYPES OF AUTOMATION помогите ответить по тексту
Manufacturing is one of the most important application fields for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.
1. Fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automation» refers to automated machines in which the equipment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations. These machines are programmed by their design to make only certain processing operations. They are not easily changed over from one product to another. This form of production rates. That is why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes.
2. Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be re- * programmed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of nonproductive time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine- tool is a good example of programmable automation. The programme is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer programme.
3. Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Programmable automation requires time to reprogram and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.
Задание:
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions :
1. What is the most important application of automation?
2. What types of automation are used in manufacturing?
3. What is fixed automation?
4. What are the limitations of hard automation?
5. What is the best example of programmable automation?
6. What are the limitations of programmable automation?
7. What are the advantages of flexible automation?
8. Is it possible to produce different products one after another using automation technology?
1. The most important application of automation is in manufacturing.
2. The types of automation used in manufacturing are fixed automation, programmable automation, and flexible automation.
3. Fixed automation, also known as hard automation, refers to automated machines with a configuration that allows for a fixed sequence of processing operations, making them suitable for products made in large volumes.
4. The limitations of hard automation include its inability to be easily changed over from one product to another and its suitability only for high-volume production.
5. The best example of programmable automation is a numerical-control machine tool, which is programmed to produce different product styles by coding the program in computer memory.
6. The limitations of programmable automation include lower production rates compared to fixed automation and the period of nonproductive time required for reprogramming and changeover.
7. The advantages of flexible automation include the ability to quickly and automatically change over equipment for limited product variations and the capacity to produce a mixture of different products one right after another.
8. Yes, it is possible to produce different products one after another using automation technology, particularly with flexible automation.
1. What is the most important application of automation?
The most important application of automation is manufacturing.
2. What types of automation are used in manufacturing?
The types of automation used in manufacturing are fixed automation, programmable automation, and flexible automation.
3. What is fixed automation?
Fixed automation, also known as hard automation, refers to automated machines designed to perform a fixed sequence of operations. These machines are not easily reconfigured and are suitable for high-volume production.
4. What are the limitations of hard automation?
The limitations of hard automation include its lack of flexibility and difficulty in changing from one product to another. It is not suitable for low-volume or variable production.
5. What is the best example of programmable automation?
A numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation.
6. What are the limitations of programmable automation?
The limitations of programmable automation are the time-consuming reprogramming and equipment changeover, which results in nonproductive time and lower production rates compared to fixed automation.
7. What are the advantages of flexible automation?
The advantages of flexible automation include quick and automatic changeover, no need to stop production for reprogramming, and the ability to produce a mixture of different products one after another.
8. Is it possible to produce different products one after another using automation technology?
Yes, it is possible using flexible automation, which allows different products to be produced one right after another without stopping the production process.