CuSO4-Cu-Cu(NO3) 2-Cu(OH) 2

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Четыре

The sequence CuSO4 → Cu → Cu(NO3)2 → Cu(OH)2 describes three distinct chemical transformations:
CuSO4 → Cu: Reduction of copper(II) sulfate to copper metal (e.g., using Zn or electrolysis).
Example reaction: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
Cu → Cu(NO3)2: Oxidation of copper metal to copper(II) nitrate using nitric acid.
Example reaction: 3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
Cu(NO3)2 → Cu(OH)2: Precipitation of copper(II) hydroxide from copper(II) nitrate by adding a base.
Example reaction: Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
This sequence demonstrates copper’s ability to cycle through different oxidation states and forms via reduction, oxidation, and precipitation reactions, respectively. Each step uses the product of the previous reaction as the starting material, forming a clear chain of transformations.