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The legal Profession
The legal profession is divided into two branches: barristers (advocates in Scotland) and solicitors.
Barristers are known collectively as the Bar, and collectively and individually as counsel. Solicitors undertake legal business for individual and corporate clients, while barristers advise on legal problems submitted through solicitors and present cases in the higher courts. Certain functions are common to both, for example, presentation of cases in the lower courts. Although people are free to conduct their own cases, nearly all people prefer to be legally represented in the more serious cases.
Barristers belong to one of the four Inns of Courts in England are Wales-Lincoln`s Inns, Grays`s Inns, the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple – or the Inn of Court of Northern Ireland. Students study in the Inns of Court and must pass the necessary professional examinations before being called to the Bar. They must then serve an apprenticeship with a qualified barrister for one year. Barristers must be members of the General Council of the Bar, which upholds professional standards and has certain disciplinary powers. The corresponding in Scotland is the Faculty of Advocates.
Professional examinations must also be passed before anyone can become a solicitor. After that, a two-year period of apprenticeship, called articles, is served in a solicitor`s office. Once qualified in this way, a newly admitted solicitor is supervised for a period of three years, usually in another practice. The Law Society in England and Wales is the governing body of the profession and has disciplinary powers over practicing solicitors. It also organizes admission, education and training.