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Transportation.
1.Transportation takes us where we want to go, and bring us nearly everything we eat, wear, and use in daily life. Developments in transportation have cut travel time greatly in the past 200 years. In 1800, it often took a businessman a month to travel by sailing ship from London to New York City. Today, he can fly this distance by jet airline in only few hours.
2.The airplane has made New York City closer in time to Sydney, Australia, than it was to Montreal, Canada, only a hundred years ago. Americans and Canadians can easily travel to Europe and back on two week vacation. Modern transportation also makes it possible to travel in comfort. The pioneers travelled westward over rough trails in wagons with wooden wheels. Today tourists ride on roads over the same routes in automobiles and buses with wheels that have soft, air-filled tires.
3.Passengers of the first trains sat on wooden seats and often in clouds of smoke and dust. Many of today s trains have soft reclining seats. Air conditioning may keep the air clean and cool, and dining cars serve tasty meals.
4.There are three kinds of transportation: land, water and air. Each has advantages and disadvantages. For example, trucks and trains can operate in storms that may ground airliners or keep ships in harbors. Weather and geographical conditions may also determine the type of transportation used in a region.
5.On land, the chief forms of transport are automobiles, railroads, trucks, and pipelines. Railroads haul about half of the freight transported in the world. Trucks carry about a fifth of this freight, and pipelines transport a little less than a fifth. Boats, barges, and airliners transport the remaining freight. Railroads have equal or greater importance in the transportation of freight in Russia, Europe, and other areas. In addition to hauling freight, most railroads provide passenger service between cities and towns.
6.Railroads move every type of material, but are best suited to haul great quantities of heavy freight. For this reason, railroads play an important role in transporting coal, iron, ore, grain, timber, and other heavy products.
7.Transportation would not be possible without communication. Automobiles and trucks could not travel on crowded streets and highways without street signals and traffic lights. Automatic block signals and other means of communication enable railroads to operate safely. Light houses and radio compasses provide information for ships at sea. Airplanes cannot land and take off safely without radio, radar and other electronic devices.

Ответьте на вопросы:
1.What facilities does transportation provide with?
2.In what conditions did the pioneers travel?
3.What else may also determine the type of a regional transportation?
4.What is the share of railroads in the world’s freight transportation?
5.What makes transportation impossible?

. Составьте вопросы к выделенным частям следующих предложений.
1.Air conditioning may keep the air clean and cool.
2.There are three kinds of transportation: land, water and air.
3.On land the chief forms of transport are automobiles, railroads, trucks, and pipelines.
4.Most railroads provide passenger service between cities and towns.
5.Automatic block signals and other means of communication enable railroads to operate safely.

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