1.Прочитайте и переведите текст. 2.Задайте 5 вопросов к тексту. 3.Выпишите из текста термины,...

1.Прочитайте и переведите текст.

The lathe is one of the most useful and versatile machines in industry, and is capable of carrying out many machining operations. The main components of the lathe are the headstock and tailstock at opposite ends of a bed, and a tool holder between them which holds them cutting tool. The tool holder stands on a cross slide which enables it to move across the saddle or carriage as well as along it, depending on the kind of job it is doing. The ordinary centre lathe can accommodate only one tool at a time on the tool holder, but a turret lathe is capable of holding five or more tools on the revolving turret. The lathe bed must be very solid to avoid vibrations.
The headstock incorporates the driving gear and a spindle which holds the workpiece and causes it to rotate. The cutting speed of the tool is an important factor. Tapered centres in the hollow nose of the spindle and of the tailstock hold the work firmly between them. A feed shaft from the headstock drives the tool holder along the saddle, either forwards or backwards, at a fixed and uniform speed. This enables the operator to make accurate cuts and to give the work a good finish. Gears between the spindle and the feed shaft control the speed of rotation of the shaft, and the forward of backward movement of the tool holder. The gear which the operator will select depends on the type of mental which he is cutting and the amount of mental he has to cut off. For a deep or roughing cut the forward movement of the tool should be less than for a finishing cut.
Centres are not suitable for every job on the lathe. The operator can replace them by various types of chucks, which hold the work between jaws, depending on the shape of the work and the particular cutting operation. He will use a chuck, for example, to hold a short piece of work, or work for drilling, boring or screw- cutting. A transverse movement of the tool post across the saddle enables the tool to cut across the face of the workpiece and give it a flat surface. For screw- cutting, the operator engages the lead screw, a long screwed shaft which runs along in front of the bed and which rotates with the spindle. The lead screw drives the tool holder forwards along the carriage at the correct speed, and this ensures that the threads on the screw are of exactly the right pitch. The operator can select different gear speeds, or reverse the movement of the carriage and so bring the tool back to its original position.
Lathes are now made numerical control (for short NC) and with computer control. They work automatically according to programs. The unit is called a machining centre.

2.Задайте 5 вопросов к тексту.

3.Выпишите из текста термины, интернациональные и многозначные слова

4.Определите по суффиксу часть речи и переведите слова на рус-ский язык
untried, untouchable, tunable, subdivide, subdivision, standardize, weakly, soft, ordinal, opponent

5.Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect Tense или Past Indefinite Tense:
1. He (to work) for this company for 20 years.
2. They (to meet) three years ago. He (to see) her since.
3. The doctor (to send) an important message to his colleague.
4. She (to go) to St. Petersburg last year.
5.The day before yesterday we ...a bad storm (to have).

6. Переведите на английский язык
1. Токарный станок все еще остается самым важ¬ным станком.
2. Все современные токарные станки оборудованы электроприводами.
3. Движение инструмента контролируется с высо¬кой точностью.
4. Электропривод позволяет обрабатывать заготов¬ку на различных скоростях.
5. Когда металл растягивают, он сначала течет, то есть пластически деформируется