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Оксфорд
Историки не смогли определить точную дату его основания. Найдены доказательства того, что в нем преподавали еще в 1096 году, но тогда он больше напоминал небольшой колледж. В 1167 году король Англии Генри II запретил английским студентам учиться в крупнейшем вузе старой Англии, и Оксфорд стал стремительно расти. Возможно, сыграло роль выгодное местоположение или хорошая репутация, так или иначе, новый университет обустраивался и пополнялся новыми кампусами. В 1209 году на территории Оксфордского университета произошло изнасилование. Насильника найти так и не удалось, и горожане повесили в отместку троих его друзей. Этот случай вызвал бурю протеста у студентов, которые покинули город Оксфорд и стали искать для себя новые учебные заведения. Академики, преподававшие там ранее, двинулись на северо-восток и основали новый университет в городе Кембридж. Несколько лет спустя, римский кардинал Николас Романус, по просьбе жителей Оксфорда, обратился к студентам, призывая их вернуться и пообещав многочисленные льготы. Это подействовало, жизнь в университете вернулась в свое русло. До конца XIX века в университете были строгие ограничения на получение высшей степени. Так, степень бакалавра давали только тем, кто имел отношение к Английской Церкви, диссиденты не могли получить степень выше MA, и для получения любой степени необходимо было хорошо знать древнегреческий язык и латынь. Женщинам вообще не позволялось иметь научную степень вплоть до 1920 года. Сейчас все эти ограничения уже не актуальны.
Университет Оксфорда находится в числе европейских вузов, в которых важные вопросы решаются совместно преподавателями и уполномоченными студентами. Также многие выпускники и учащиеся старших курсов принимают участие в обучении «молодых» . Законодательным центром университета является Сенат, куда входят все академики, преподающие в Оксфорде.
Год обучения в университете разделен на три семестра по 8 недель каждый: первый длится с октября по декабрь, второй - с января по март, третий - с апреля по июнь. Программа каждого семестра очень интенсивная и рассчитана на то, что в перерывах между ними студенты будут тщательно готовиться к следующему. При поступлении можно выбрать любой из 50 курсов. Здесь есть как обычные курсы: медицина, химия, история искусств, компьютерная наука, так и узкоспециализированные: философия и теология, экспериментальная психология, археология и антропология. Помимо курса, поступающие могут выбрать кампус, в котором будут «жить» . На процесс обучения это не влияет - кампусы отличаются интерьерами (понятно, что кампус, построенный 500 лет назад не похож на тот, что построили недавно) и «жильцами» . Чтобы упростить общение студентам, многие кампусы разделены. Например, для зарубежных студентов имеется свое здание, для выпускников известных британских колледжей - свое.
Система оценок выражается в буквах от A до U:
A*-очень отлично (ставятся очень редко)
A-отлично
B-очень хорошо
C- хорошо
D-нормально
F- очень плохо
U- неаттестован
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перевод:
Oxford
Historians could not define exact date of its basis. Are found that proof that in it taught in 1096 but then it reminded small college more. In 1167 the king of England Henry II has forbidden English students to study in the largest high school of old England, and Oxford began to grow promptly. Probably, the favourable site or good reputation has played a role, anyhow, the new university was equipped and replenished with new campuses. In 1209 in territory of the Oxford university there was a rape. The tyrant to find and it was not possible, and townspeople have hung up in revenge its three friends. This case has caused a storm of the protest in students who have left the city of Oxford and began to search for itself for new educational institutions. The academicians teaching there earlier, have moved on the northeast and have based new university in the city of Cambridge. Some years later, the Roman cardinal Nicolas Romanus, at the desire of inhabitants of Oxford, have addressed to students, urging them to return and having promised numerous privileges. It has worked, the life at university has returned to the channel. Till the end of a XIX-th century at university there were strict restrictions on reception of the higher degree. So, degree of the bachelor gave only to those who concerned English Church, dissidents could not receive degree above MA, and for reception of any degree it was necessary to know Ancient Greek language and Latin well. Women at all were not allowed to have scientific degree up to 1920. Now all these restrictions are not so actual.
The university of Oxford is in number of the European high schools in which the important questions dare in common teachers and the authorised students. Also many graduates and pupils of older years take part in training of "young". The legislative centre of university is the Senate where all academicians teaching in Oxford enter.
Year of training at university is divided into three semestre for 8 weeks everyone: the first lasts from October till the December, the second - from January till March, the third - from April till June. The program of each semestre very intensive also is calculated that in breaks between them students will carefully prepare for the following. At receipt it is possible to choose any of 50 courses. Here is as usual courses: medicine, chemistry, history of arts, a computer science, and highly specialised: philosophy and theology, experimental psychology, archeology and anthropology. Besides a course, arriving can choose a campus in which will "live". It does not influence process of training - campuses differ interiors (clearly that the campus constructed 500 years ago is not similar that have constructed recently) and "tenants". To simplify dialogue to the students, many campuses are divided. For example, for foreign students there is a building, for graduates of known British colleges - the.
The system of estimations is expressed in letters from A to U:
A*-very perfectly (are put very seldom)
A-perfectly
B-very well
C - Well
D-normally
F - Very badly
U - It is not certified
Oxford
Historians could not define exact date of its basis. Are found that proof, that in it taught in 1096 but then it reminded small college more. In 1167 king of England Henry II has forbidden to English students to study in the largest high school of old England, and Oxford began to grow promptly. Probably, the favourable site or good reputation has played a role, anyhow, the new university was equipped and replenished with new campuses. In 1209 in territory of the Oxford university there was a rape. The tyrant to find and it was not possible, and the townspeople have hung up in отместку its three friends. This case has caused a storm of the protest in students who have left the city of Oxford and began to search for itself for new educational institutions. The academicians taught there earlier, have moved on northeast and have based new university in the city of Cambridge. Some years later, Roman cardinal Nicolas Romanus, under the request of inhabitants of Oxford, have addressed to students, calling them to return and having promised numerous privileges. It has worked, the life at university has returned to the channel. Up to the end of XIX century at university there were strict restrictions on reception of the maximum degree. So, a degree of the bachelor gave only to those who concerned English Church, dissidents could not receive a degree above MA, and for reception of any degree it was necessary to know ancient greek language and Latin well. Women at all were not allowed to have a scientific degree down to 1920. Now all these restrictions are not so actual.
The university of Oxford is among the European high schools in which the important questions are solved in common teachers and the authorized students. Also many graduates and pupils of the senior rates take part in training "young". The legislative center of university is the Senate where the academicians teaching in Oxford enter all.
Year of training at university is divided into three semester for 8 weeks everyone: the first lasts from October till the December, the second - from January till March, the third - from April till June. The program of each semester very intensive also is calculated that in breaks between them students will carefully prepare for the following. At receipt it is possible to choose any of 50 rates. Here is as usual rates: medicine, chemistry, history of arts, a computer science, and highly specialized: philosophy and theology, experimental psychology, archeology and anthropology. Besides a rate, acting can choose a campus in which will "live". It does not influence process of training - campuses differ interiors (clearly, that the campus constructed 500 years ago is not similar that have constructed recently) and "tenants". To simplify dialogue to the students, many campuses are divided. For example, for foreign students there is a building, for graduates of known British colleges - the .
The system of estimations is expressed in letters from A up to U:
A*-very perfectly (are put very seldom)
A-was excellent
B-very well
C-Well
D-was normally
F-Very badly
U-неаттестован